A database of over 1,400 articles was considered for this review.Īn ergogenic aid is any training technique, mechanical device, nutritional ingredient or practice, pharmacologic method, or psychological technique that can improve exercise performance capacity and/or enhance training adaptations. Additionally, a search was conducted for the primary nutrients found in EDs and ESs (eg, caffeine, taurine, glucoronolactone, citicoline, green tea, quercetin, and so on). ![]() The search strategy involved conducting a keyword search for EDs, ESs, commercial names of EDs and ESs, pre-workout supplements (PWSs), exercise, and performance. 2 Additionally, the safety considerations related to the use of ED and/or ES are discussed.Ī comprehensive review of the literature was made by searching the PubMed database of the US National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The purpose of this review is to provide an update to a recent position stand from the International Society of Sports Nutrition regarding the scientific literature and make recommendations in regard to the role that ED and/or ES may have on exercise performance, energy expenditure/metabolism, and cognitive function. Because EDs and ESs contain carbohydrate, caffeine, and nutrients that may affect cognitive function, they are often consumed by individuals who are tired and need to stay awake for work or school, as well as athletes prior to, during, and/or following exercise as an ergogenic aid or recovery drink. Most are classified as dietary supplements. servings of concentrated fluid containing nutrients purported to improve mental focus and alertness. On the other hand, energy shots (ESs) are typically 2–4 oz. Most companies also offer a lower calorie version of energy EDs that are flavored with artificial sweeteners. 2 Most are considered as beverages and, therefore, have nutrient panels, while others are considered as dietary supplements and, therefore, have supplement fact labels. 1, 2 They typically contain carbohydrate (ie, 10–15 g/100 mL or 10%–15% solution), electrolytes, and caffeine, along with nutrients purported to improve mental focus, attention, and/or alertness. ![]() Keywords: energy drinks, energy shots, pre-workout supplements, exercise performance, cognitive functionĮnergy drinks (EDs) are among the most common beverages consumed by adolescents and younger adult populations. This review provides an update as to the current literature on energy drinks and energy shots and provides practical recommendations for their appropriate use among athletes. While occasional ingestion of these types of products appears to be safe and may offer some ergogenic benefit, individuals who consume these products indiscriminately need to be careful and consider how ingestion of these products may affect the total daily intake of caffeine and other stimulants throughout the day, to minimize any adverse events and/or harmful side effects. Additionally, several caffeine-containing pre-workout supplements have been developed which are commonly consumed as a drink prior to and/or during exercise. ![]() They typically contain carbohydrate, caffeine, and other nutrients purported to enhance mental and/or physical performance. Exercise and Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USAĪbstract: Energy drinks and energy shots have become very popular among athletes and the general population.
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